A mobile phone is a wireless telecommunication device. Basically, radio frequencies are responsible for connecting mobile radio transmitters (or simply transmitters) to transmission and destination base stations. Receiving stations connect standard telephone networks to users. The geographical region offered by a cellular system is divided into areas called cells. Each cell has a central base station and two sets of designated transmission frequencies. One set is used by the base station and the other by mobile phones.
To avoid radio interference, each cell uses different frequencies than the surrounding cells. However, cells far enough apart can use the same frequencies. When one mobile phone leaves one cell and enters another, the telephone call is transferred from one base station to another, and sets transmission frequencies to the next by means of a computer switching system.
The process of transmitting radio frequencies from one mobile phone to another can be made possible through the different parts and functions of the mobile phone.
These are the most important parts of a cell phone:
o LCD screen – or liquid crystal screen is the front screen with little power. It is generally slim, so it fits well with battery-powered mobile phones get mobile parts from Maya Cellular Parts.
o Menu button: this is the control key that activates the menu. The menu page has access to various phone features, such as settings, reminders, games, notifications, and media player.
o Keyboard: is a group of alphanumeric keys on a keyboard. The keys are pressed to enter data, e.g. When writing a message or entering the number to call.
o Antenna: transmits and picks up radio signals. Some previous variants of mobile phones have antennas connected outside the handset. The antennas on later models are built internally.
o Battery: a device that stores energy and is practical in electrical form. The earliest cell phone batteries were made of nickel cadmium (NiCad). This element is thought to be harmful to the environment and should be disposed of as toxic waste. It also causes interruptions in the sending of information when the battery is not charged properly. It tends to lose its power quickly if not used properly and regularly. Nickel cadmium tends to break down when overcharged.
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) was used in subsequent battery productions to solve NiCad’s problems. They do not contain toxins and are relatively safe for the environment. They do not need to be drained completely before recharging. However, overcharging can also affect battery life.
Today, most rechargeable batteries are made of lithium-ion. They last longer than NiMH and can be overcharged without damaging the phone.
o Microphone: device that captures and receives sound energy. It can amplify sounds.
o Headset – Also known as headset, car kit or handsfree. A headset allows users to talk to anyone without having to hold the device in their ears. This is very convenient for people who drive.
on / off button: this is the button to turn the mobile phone on and off. A faulty circuit breaker cannot turn on a device. Always check your cable terminal if it is connected to a power IC.
o Battery pole – Connects the battery to the mobile phone. These are usually the small shiny gold metals that we see before putting the batteries in.
o Power IC: acts as a voltage regulator and turns on. The whole unit will not work if it is defective.
o Oscillator – also called clock frequency. It creates low frequencies, is used to run digital components and helps delay power in the event of a fault.
o Frequency dividers: used in mobile phones to divide the clock frequency and obtain a precise frequency for running digital components. This part is integrated radio ICs, similar to Hagar IC or Mojoelner in Nokia mobile phones.
o CPU: the central processing unit is the brain of the mobile phone and controls the main parts of the unit. This is important in the startup test process. The CPU is primarily connected to memory chips and flash chips.